Spain is close enough to England to have absorbed the initial tremors of the mid-’70s punk explosion. As early as 1976, Barcelona bad boys La Banda Trapera del Rio were revving up with a more petulant take on classic, hot-rod-racing rock ‘n’ roll, and they were soon joined by Stoogean fuzz merchants Kaka de Luxe. But in the ‘80s, Spanish punk exploded as a musical extension of the broader Movida Madrileña (Madrid Scene) movement, which saw young Spaniards assert a more bohemian, countercultural identity after Francisco Franco's death. The Punk en Español of this era assumed many forms—the brutish anti-authoritarian hardcore of Eskorbuto, the playfully melodic post-punk of Los Nikis, the more accessible Clash-style rockers of La Polla Records—but was united by the communal spirit of liberation in the air. And its impact was felt far outside the Iberian Peninsula, inspiring Latino punks to rise up in Chicago (Los Crudos), Buenos Aires (Attaque 77) and beyond.